안드로이드 서비스를 부팅시 시작시키기 (Start Service at Boot Time)

안드로이드 서비스를 부팅시 시작시키기 (Start Service at Boot Time)

안드로이드 폰은 부팅이 끝나면 액션이 'android.intent.action.BOOT_COMPLETED'인 인텐트를 브로드캐스트 한다. 그러므로 이 인텐트 브로트캐스트를 받을 수 있는 BroadcastReceiver가 필요하다. 

public class GPSLoggerServiceManager extends BroadcastReceiver {
  @Override
  public void onReceive(Context ctx, Intent intent) {
   if (intent.getAction().equals("android.intent.action.BOOT_COMPLETED")) {
     ComponentName cName = new ComponentName(ctx.getPackageName(), GPSLogger);
     ComponentName svcName = ctx.startService(new Intent().setComponent(cName);
     if (svc == null) {
       Log.e(TAG, "Could not start service " + cName.toString());
     }
   } else {
     Log.e(TAG, "Received unexpected intent " + intent.toString());
   }
  }
}

여기서 가장 핵심은 onReceive() 메소드이다. 원하는 인텐트가 브로드캐스트 되면 onReceive() 메소드가 호출된다. 

그리고 리시버는 manifest 파일에 선언되어 있어야 한다.

<receiver android:name=".LocationLoggerServiceManager"
   android:enabled="true"
   android:exported="false"
   android:label="LocationLoggerServiceManager" >
  <intent-filter>
   <action android:name="android.intent.action.BOOT_COMPLETED" />
  </intent-filter>
</receiver>

또한 이 클래스는 보안 설정에 선언할 필요가 있는 특정 이벤트 브로드캐스트를 들어야 하기 때문에 manifest 파일에 RECEIVE_BOOT_COMPLETED 퍼미션이 있어야 한다.

<uses-permission android:name="android.permission.RECEIVE_BOOT_COMPLETED" />

위와 같이 추가해주면 부팅이 끝나고 서비스가 자동으로 실행되게 된다. 

-------
* 리플을 보고 좀 더 이해하기 쉽게 전체적인 코드의 프레임웍을 첨부한다.

/src/.../BootSvc.java

package app.arsviator;
...
public class BootSvc extends Service {
  @Override
  public IBinder onBind(Intent intent) {
    return null;
  }
    
  @Override
  public void onCreate() {
    super.onCreate();
        
    Log.i("BOOTSVC", "Service started at the BOOT_COMPLETED.");
  }
}

/src/.../BRcvr.java

package app.arsviator;
...
public class BRcvr extends BroadcastReceiver {
  @Override
  public void onReceive(Context context, Intent intent) {    
    if (intent.getAction().equals("android.intent.action.BOOT_COMPLETED")) {
      Log.i("BOOTSVC", "Intent received");    

      ComponentName cn = new ComponentName(context.getPackageName(), BootSvc.class.getName());
      ComponentName svcName = context.startService(new Intent().setComponent(cn));
      if (svcName == null) 
        Log.e("BOOTSVC", "Could not start service " + cn.toString());
    }
  }
}

AndroidManifest.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<manifest xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
      package="app.nautes"
      android:versionCode="1"
      android:versionName="1.0">
    <application android:icon="@drawable/icon" android:label="@string/app_name">
      <service android:name="BootSvc"></service>
      <receiver android:name=".BRcvr"
         android:enabled="true"
         android:exported="false"
         android:label="Broadcast Receiver" >
        <intent-filter>
          <action android:name="android.intent.action.BOOT_COMPLETED" />
        </intent-filter>
      </receiver>
    </application>
</manifest> 

이 프로그램을 에뮬레이터에 설치한 다음 에뮬레이터를 종료했다가 AVD Manager에서 다시 시작시키고 부팅이 끝난 다음 logcat을 보면 다음과 같다.

09-07 09:31:30.631: INFO/SurfaceFlinger(52): Boot is finished (22889 ms)
09-07 09:31:30.661: INFO/ARMAssembler(52): generated scanline__00000177:03515104_00000A01_00000000 [ 55 ipp] (79 ins) at [0x481508:0x481644] in 5894000 ns
09-07 09:31:30.750: INFO/ActivityManager(52): Start proc com.android.email for broadcast com.android.email/com.android.exchange.BootReceiver: pid=165 uid=10008 gids={3003, 1015}
09-07 09:31:30.860: DEBUG/HomeLoaders(105):   ----> items cloned, ready to refresh UI
09-07 09:31:31.230: DEBUG/ddm-heap(165): Got feature list request
09-07 09:31:32.790: DEBUG/dalvikvm(52): GC freed 14273 objects / 744904 bytes in 444ms
09-07 09:31:33.130: INFO/ActivityThread(165): Publishing provider com.android.email.provider: com.android.email.provider.EmailProvider
09-07 09:31:33.191: INFO/ActivityThread(165): Publishing provider com.android.email.attachmentprovider: com.android.email.provider.AttachmentProvider
09-07 09:31:33.300: DEBUG/Exchange(165): BootReceiver onReceive
09-07 09:31:33.360: DEBUG/EAS SyncManager(165): !!! EAS SyncManager, onCreate
09-07 09:31:33.430: INFO/ActivityManager(52): Start proc com.android.mms for broadcast com.android.mms/.transaction.MmsSystemEventReceiver: pid=176 uid=10013 gids={3003, 1015}
09-07 09:31:33.730: DEBUG/ddm-heap(176): Got feature list request
09-07 09:31:33.810: DEBUG/EAS SyncManager(165): !!! EAS SyncManager, onStartCommand
09-07 09:31:33.870: DEBUG/EAS SyncManager(165): !!! EAS SyncManager, stopping self
09-07 09:31:33.930: DEBUG/Eas Debug(165): Logging: 
09-07 09:31:34.031: DEBUG/EAS SyncManager(165): !!! EAS SyncManager, onDestroy
09-07 09:31:34.410: DEBUG/MediaScannerService(149): start scanning volume internal
09-07 09:31:35.750: INFO/ActivityManager(52): Start proc app.nautes for broadcast app.nautes/.BRcvr: pid=195 uid=10078 gids={1015}
09-07 09:31:36.280: DEBUG/ddm-heap(195): Got feature list request
09-07 09:31:36.290: DEBUG/dalvikvm(29): GC freed 280 objects / 10704 bytes in 526ms
09-07 09:31:36.590: DEBUG/dalvikvm(29): GC freed 50 objects / 2224 bytes in 224ms
09-07 09:31:36.650: INFO/BOOTSVC(195): Intent received
09-07 09:31:36.740: INFO/BOOTSVC(195): Service started at the BOOT_COMPLETED.
09-07 09:31:36.770: DEBUG/dalvikvm(29): GC freed 2 objects / 48 bytes in 174ms
09-07 09:31:37.931: DEBUG/dalvikvm(105): GC freed 4158 objects / 281904 bytes in 199ms
09-07 09:31:38.360: DEBUG/MediaScanner(149): opendir /system/media/ failed, errno: 2
09-07 09:31:38.360: DEBUG/MediaScanner(149):  prescan time: 1474ms
09-07 09:31:38.360: DEBUG/MediaScanner(149):     scan time: 55ms
09-07 09:31:38.360: DEBUG/MediaScanner(149): postscan time: 1ms
09-07 09:31:38.360: DEBUG/MediaScanner(149):    total time: 1530ms
09-07 09:31:38.390: DEBUG/MediaScannerService(149): done scanning volume internal
09-07 09:31:39.180: DEBUG/dalvikvm(105): GC freed 3308 objects / 168792 bytes in 169ms

로그를 보면 부팅이 끝난 다음 서비스가 시작된걸 확인할 수 있다.